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worked a vessel

  • 1 vaso

    m.
    1 glass (recipiente, contenido).
    un vaso de vino a glass of wine
    un vaso de plástico a plastic cup
    se bebió un vaso entero he drank a whole glass
    vasos comunicantes communicating vessels
    2 vessel (anatomy).
    vasos capilares capillaries
    vasos sanguíneos blood vessels
    3 vein (botany).
    4 glassful.
    5 vase, urn.
    6 hoof.
    7 basin.
    * * *
    1 (para beber) glass
    3 ANATOMÍA vessel
    \
    vaso capilar capillary
    vasos comunicantes communicating vessels
    vasos sanguíneos blood vessels
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (para beber) (gen) glass; (para whisky) tumbler; (And) small cup

    vaso de vino — (=recipiente) wineglass; (=contenido) glass of wine

    2) (=cantidad) glass, glassful
    3) (=recipiente) (para flores) vase; [de pila] cell; litervase, urn
    (And) (Aut) hubcap

    vaso de engrase — (Mec) grease cup

    vaso litúrgico, vaso sagrado — liturgical vessel

    4) (Anat) vessel; (=canal) duct, tube
    5) (Náut) (=barco) boat, ship; (=casco) hull
    6) (Zool) hoof
    7) (=orinal)
    (tb: vaso de noche) †chamber pot
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( recipiente) glass
    b) ( contenido) glass

    añadir dos vasos de agua — ≈add two cups of water

    ahogarse en un vaso de agua — (fam) to make a mountain out of a molehill

    c) (Arqueol) vase, urn
    2) (Anat) vessel
    •
    * * *
    = glass, tumbler.
    Ex. This city tour will end at the TV tower of Berlin to watch the colours of the city changing when the sun sets while enjoying a glass of German sparkling wine.
    Ex. Put the arrowroot into a tumbler, sweeten it with lump sugar, and flavour it with cinnamon, or a piece of lemon-peel, or 3 tablespoonfuls of port or sherry.
    ----
    * ahogarse en un vaso de agua = make + a mountain out of a molehill, get + worked up about nothing, fret about + nothing.
    * la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.
    * ser la gota que colma el vaso = bring + the situation to a head.
    * una tormenta en un vaso de agua = a tempest in a teapot.
    * vaso capilar = capillary.
    * vaso de laboratorio = beaker.
    * vaso de precipitaciones = beaker.
    * vaso de vino = glass of wine.
    * vaso sanguíneo = blood vessel.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( recipiente) glass
    b) ( contenido) glass

    añadir dos vasos de agua — ≈add two cups of water

    ahogarse en un vaso de agua — (fam) to make a mountain out of a molehill

    c) (Arqueol) vase, urn
    2) (Anat) vessel
    •
    * * *
    = glass, tumbler.

    Ex: This city tour will end at the TV tower of Berlin to watch the colours of the city changing when the sun sets while enjoying a glass of German sparkling wine.

    Ex: Put the arrowroot into a tumbler, sweeten it with lump sugar, and flavour it with cinnamon, or a piece of lemon-peel, or 3 tablespoonfuls of port or sherry.
    * ahogarse en un vaso de agua = make + a mountain out of a molehill, get + worked up about nothing, fret about + nothing.
    * la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.
    * ser la gota que colma el vaso = bring + the situation to a head.
    * una tormenta en un vaso de agua = a tempest in a teapot.
    * vaso capilar = capillary.
    * vaso de laboratorio = beaker.
    * vaso de precipitaciones = beaker.
    * vaso de vino = glass of wine.
    * vaso sanguíneo = blood vessel.

    * * *
    A
    1 (recipiente) glass
    vasos de plástico plastic glasses
    seis vasos de agua six tumblers, six water glasses
    2 (contenido) glass
    me dio un vaso de vino he gave me a glass of wine
    se bebió el vaso de un trago he drank the whole glassful o glass down in one go
    añadir dos vasos de agua por persona ≈ add two cups of water per person
    ahogarse en un vaso de agua ( fam); to get worked up about nothing ( colloq)
    Compuestos:
    measuring jug
    mpl communicating vessels (pl)
    B ( Arqueol) vase, urn
    C ( Anat) vessel
    Compuesto:
    blood vessel
    D ( Bot) vessel
    Compuestos:
    phloem o bast vessel
    xylem o wood vessel
    * * *

     

    vaso sustantivo masculino
    1 (recipiente, contenido) glass;


    ( para vino) a wine glass;

    2 (Anat) vessel;

    vaso sustantivo masculino
    1 (para beber) glass
    2 Anat vessel
    vaso linfático, lymphatic vessel
    ♦ Locuciones: ahogarse en un vaso de agua, to make a mountain out of a molehill
    ' vaso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahogarse
    - caña
    - de
    - escrupulosa
    - escrupuloso
    - estallar
    - estampar
    - gota
    - tirar
    - tormenta
    - borde
    - capilar
    - colmar
    - cubilete
    - culo
    - desbordarse
    - empinar
    - limpio
    - llenar
    - parar
    - quebrado
    - quebrar
    - rebalsarse
    - repugnar
    - romper
    - roto
    - schop
    - sucio
    - trizarse
    - vaciar
    - volcar
    English:
    break
    - bring
    - capillary
    - cup
    - drain
    - glass
    - nightstand
    - of
    - rim
    - rupture
    - storm
    - straw
    - sweep up
    - teacup
    - tumbler
    - vessel
    - beaker
    - blood
    - give
    - hoof
    - occasional
    * * *
    vaso nm
    1. [recipiente] glass;
    un vaso de papel/plástico a paper/plastic cup
    vasos comunicantes communicating vessels;
    un sistema de vasos comunicantes entre todos los ámbitos de la sociedad a network of interconnections between all sectors of society;
    2. [contenido] glass;
    se bebió un vaso entero he drank a whole glass;
    un vaso de vino a glass of wine
    3. [conducto] vessel
    vasos capilares capillaries;
    vaso linfático lymphatic vessel;
    vasos sanguíneos blood vessels
    4. [jarrón] vase
    5. Bot vein
    * * *
    m
    1 glass;
    un vaso de vino a glass of wine;
    un vaso para vino a wine glass
    2 ANAT vessel
    * * *
    vaso nm
    1) : glass, tumbler
    2) : glassful
    3) : vessel
    vaso sanguíneo: blood vessel
    * * *
    vaso n
    1. (de vidrio) glass [pl. glasses]
    2. (de papel, plástico) cup

    Spanish-English dictionary > vaso

  • 2 reventón

    m.
    1 blowout, tire burst, burst tire, flat.
    2 party.
    * * *
    1 bursting
    2 (de neumático) blowout
    3 familiar (apuro) difficulty
    \
    darse un reventón de trabajar familiar to work oneself hard, slog one's guts out
    ————————
    2 (de neumático) blowout
    3 familiar (apuro) difficulty
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=explosión) [de neumático] blowout; [de tubería] burst
    2) (=esfuerzo grande)

    darse o pegarse un reventón — * to slog o sweat one's guts out *, work one's butt off (EEUU) **

    3) Esp
    *

    dar un reventón — (=morirse) to drop dead *

    4) (=cuesta) steep slope; (=subida) tough climb
    5) (=apuro) jam *, fix
    6) Méx * (=juerga) rave-up *
    7) Cono Sur (Min) outcrop of ore
    8) CAm (=empujón) shove, push
    * * *
    1) ( de neumático) blowout; ( de tubería) burst
    2) (Méx fam) ( fiesta) party
    * * *
    = bubble burst, rupture.
    Ex. Information technology tycoons have made a surprising rebound from the technology bubble burst to top this year's China rich people list.
    Ex. Nosebleeds are caused by the rupture of a small blood vessel called a capillary in the nose.
    * * *
    1) ( de neumático) blowout; ( de tubería) burst
    2) (Méx fam) ( fiesta) party
    * * *
    = bubble burst, rupture.

    Ex: Information technology tycoons have made a surprising rebound from the technology bubble burst to top this year's China rich people list.

    Ex: Nosebleeds are caused by the rupture of a small blood vessel called a capillary in the nose.

    * * *
    B ( Méx fam) (fiesta) party, rave-up ( BrE colloq)
    C ( fam) (apuro) jam ( colloq), fix ( colloq)
    D
    1 (cuesta) steep slope o incline
    2 ( fam)
    (trabajo): vaya reventón que nos dimos or pegamos we really worked our butts off ( AmE) o ( BrE) slogged our guts out ( colloq)
    * * *

    reventón sustantivo masculino
    1 ( de neumático) blowout;
    ( de tubería) burst
    2 (Méx fam) ( fiesta) party
    reventón sustantivo masculino
    1 (de neumático) blowout, flat tyre, US tire
    2 (de tubería) burst
    3 fam (de trabajo) nos dimos un buen reventón de pegar carteles, we worked like crazy putting up posters
    ' reventón' also found in these entries:
    English:
    blowout
    - burst
    - blow
    * * *
    1. [pinchazo] blow-out, Br puncture, US flat;
    sufrimos un reventón we had a Br puncture o US flat
    2. [estallido] burst;
    3. Arg, Chile Min outcrop
    4. Méx Fam [fiesta] wild party
    * * *
    m AUTO blowout;
    tener un reventón have a blow-out
    * * *
    reventón nm, pl - tones
    1) : burst, bursting
    2) : blowout, flat tire
    3) Mex fam : bash, party

    Spanish-English dictionary > reventón

  • 3 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France
    [br]
    French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.
    [br]
    He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.
    Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.
    The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.
    Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.
    In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Légion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    R.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Cousteau, Jacques-Yves

  • 4 condenado

    adj.
    1 damned, doggoned, damn, darn.
    2 damned, condemned, fated, doomed.
    3 convicted.
    f. & m.
    convict.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: condenar.
    * * *
    1→ link=condenar condenar
    1 DERECHO convicted
    2 RELIGIÓN damned
    3 (cegado) condemned
    4 (sin remedio) hopeless
    5 figurado (maldito) damn, damned
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 DERECHO convict (a muerte) condemned prisoner
    1 RELIGIÓN the damned
    \
    trabajar como un condenado familiar to slog one's guts out, work like one possessed
    * * *
    1. (f. - condenada)
    noun
    2. (f. - condenada)
    adj.
    * * *
    condenado, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (Jur) condemned, convicted; (Rel) damned
    2) (=destinado) [cambio, reforma, ley] doomed

    el buque condenado — the doomed o fated vessel

    3) * (=maldito) damn *, flaming * euf

    ¡aquel condenado teléfono! — that damn o flaming o wretched phone! *, that bloody phone! **

    4) * [niño] mischievous, naughty
    5) Cono Sur (=listo) clever; (=astuto) sharp
    2. SM / F
    1) (Jur) prisoner
    2) (Rel) damned soul
    3)

    el condenado de mi tío — * that wretched o damned uncle of mine *

    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( destinado)
    b) ( obligado)

    condenado a + inf — condemned o forced to + inf

    2) (fam) ( expresando irritación) wretched (colloq), damn (colloq)
    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    1)
    a) (Der) convicted person
    b) (Relig)

    como (un) condenado — (fam) < correr> like hell (colloq)

    trabajaron como condenados — they worked like maniacs

    2) (fam) ( maldito) wretch
    * * *
    = damned, freaking [frigging], frigging [freaking], fucking, convicted.
    Ex. Literature can have only a formal use for utterly damned souls -- or for saints.
    Ex. Of course, we are freaking worried sick of this merger so much so I can't even sleep well at night!.
    Ex. Now its a frigging oil drum and the reason nobody would take it was because there was a tiny bit of oil in the bottom.
    Ex. These people should be shot on sight and all their genetic material vaporized... fucking losers.
    Ex. Convicted drink drivers could have breathalysers installed in their cars to prevent them starting the engine if they are over the limit.
    ----
    * chillar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.
    * como una condenada = like a madwoman.
    * como un condenado = like the clappers, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the start, doomed from + the outset.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the beginning.
    * condenado a muerte = death row.
    * condenado a + Verbo = doomed to + Verbo.
    * estar condenado a ser = be doomed.
    * gritar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.
    * volver a ser condenado = reconviction.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( destinado)
    b) ( obligado)

    condenado a + inf — condemned o forced to + inf

    2) (fam) ( expresando irritación) wretched (colloq), damn (colloq)
    II
    - da masculino, femenino
    1)
    a) (Der) convicted person
    b) (Relig)

    como (un) condenado — (fam) < correr> like hell (colloq)

    trabajaron como condenados — they worked like maniacs

    2) (fam) ( maldito) wretch
    * * *
    = damned, freaking [frigging], frigging [freaking], fucking, convicted.

    Ex: Literature can have only a formal use for utterly damned souls -- or for saints.

    Ex: Of course, we are freaking worried sick of this merger so much so I can't even sleep well at night!.
    Ex: Now its a frigging oil drum and the reason nobody would take it was because there was a tiny bit of oil in the bottom.
    Ex: These people should be shot on sight and all their genetic material vaporized... fucking losers.
    Ex: Convicted drink drivers could have breathalysers installed in their cars to prevent them starting the engine if they are over the limit.
    * chillar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.
    * como una condenada = like a madwoman.
    * como un condenado = like the clappers, like crazy, like mad, like a lunatic, like a madman, as one possessed.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the start, doomed from + the outset.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the beginning.
    * condenado a muerte = death row.
    * condenado a + Verbo = doomed to + Verbo.
    * estar condenado a ser = be doomed.
    * gritar como un condenado = scream like + a banshee.
    * volver a ser condenado = reconviction.

    * * *
    condenado1 -da
    A
    una iniciativa condenada al fracaso an initiative doomed to failure
    costumbres condenadas a desaparecer customs doomed to disappear
    2 (obligado) condenado A + INF condemned o forced to + INF
    familias condenadas a vivir en la miseria families condemned to live in poverty
    B ( fam) (expresando irritación) wretched ( colloq), damn ( colloq)
    este condenado catarro me tiene harta I'm fed up with this wretched o damn cold
    condenado2 -da
    masculine, feminine
    A
    1 ( Der) convicted person
    el condenado a muerte the condemned man
    2 ( Relig):
    los condenados the damned
    como un condenado ( fam): trabajaron como condenados they worked like maniacs o madmen
    comiste como un condenado you made a pig of yourself ( colloq)
    corrió como un condenado he ran like hell ( colloq)
    B ( fam) (maldito) wretch
    el condenado de tu hermano that wretched brother of yours ( colloq)
    * * *

    Del verbo condenar: ( conjugate condenar)

    condenado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    condenado    
    condenar
    condenado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    a) ( destinado) condenado a algo doomed to sth

    b) ( obligado) condenado a hacer algo condemned o forced to do sth

    c) (fam) ( expresando irritación) wretched (colloq), damn (colloq)

    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino


    b) (Relig):


    como (un) condenado (fam) ‹ correr› like hell (colloq);

    ‹ work› like mad
    condenar ( conjugate condenar) verbo transitivo
    a) (Der) to sentence, condemn;

    condenado a algn a algo to sentence sb to sth;

    lo condenadoon por robo he was convicted of or found guilty of robbery
    b) (reprobar, censurar) to condemn

    condenado,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 Jur convicted: fue condenado a muerte, he was condemned to death
    2 Rel & familiar (al infierno) damned: ¡condenado niño!, bloody kid!
    3 (destinado, abocado) doomed
    (forzado) forced to: están condenados a entenderse, they are forced to get on
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 Jur convicted person
    (a muerte) condemned person
    2 Rel damned
    condenar verbo transitivo
    1 Jur to convict, find guilty: lo condenaron a muerte, he was condemned to death
    2 (reprobar) to condemn
    3 (tapiar una entrada) to wall up
    ' condenado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cabecilla
    - condenada
    - dichosa
    - dichoso
    - ejecución
    - pena
    - ejecutar
    - muerte
    - presidio
    - reo
    English:
    convict
    - failure
    - maximum
    - sentence
    - damn
    - god
    * * *
    condenado, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [destinado] doomed;
    un proyecto condenado al fracaso a project doomed to failure;
    un libro condenado al olvido a book destined to be forgotten
    2. [a una pena] sentenced;
    [a un sufrimiento] condemned
    3. Fam [maldito] damned, wretched;
    ¡a ver si para de una vez esta condenada lluvia! I wish this damned rain would stop!;
    ¡no seas condenado y devuélveme la llave! don't be such a pig and give me the key back!
    ♦ nm,f
    1. [a una pena] convicted person;
    [a muerte] condemned person; Fam
    como un condenado: correr como un condenado to run like the blazes o Br the clappers;
    estudiar como un condenado to study like mad o crazy;
    trabajar como un condenado to work like a slave
    2.
    los condenados [al infierno] the damned
    3. Fam [maldito] wretch;
    esa condenada se niega a pagarme that wretched woman refuses to pay me
    * * *
    I adj
    1 destined, doomed (a to)
    2 JUR convicted;
    condenado a muerte condemned to death
    3 REL damned
    4 ( maldito) fam
    damn fam
    II m, condenada f
    1 prisoner
    2 REL one of the damned;
    los condenados the damned pl ;
    como un condenado fig fam like a maniac o
    lunatic fam
    * * *
    condenado, -da adj
    1) : fated, doomed
    2) : convicted, sentenced
    3) fam : darn, damned
    condenado, -da n
    : convict

    Spanish-English dictionary > condenado

  • 5 Papin, Denis

    [br]
    b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, France
    d. 1712 London, England
    [br]
    French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.
    [br]
    Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.
    There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Charles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.
    A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.
    Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Papin, Denis

  • 6 calado

    adj.
    1 openwork.
    2 soaked, drenched.
    m.
    1 draft of a ship, draft, draught, draught of a ship.
    2 openwork, fretwork, embroidery, drawnwork.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: calarse.
    * * *
    1 (de un barco) draught (US draft)
    3 COSTURA openwork, embroidery
    ————————
    1→ link=calar calar
    1 familiar soaked
    1 (de un barco) draught (US draft)
    3 COSTURA openwork, embroidery
    \
    estar calado,-a hasta los huesos to be soaked to the skin
    * * *
    1. (f. - calada)
    adj.
    2. noun m.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=mojado) soaked
    2) (Cos) openwork antes de s
    3) [gorro etc]
    4) [bayoneta] fixed
    2. SM
    1) (Téc) fretwork; (Cos) openwork
    2) (Náut) depth of water; [de barco] draught, draft (EEUU)
    3) (fig) depth; (=alcance) scope; (=importancia) importance
    4) (Mec) stall, stalling
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( empapado) soaked
    2) <jersey/tela> openwork (before n)
    II
    1) ( en costura) openwork
    2)
    a) ( de barco) draft

    un barco de gran/poco calado — a ship with a deep/shallow draft

    b) ( altura del agua) depth
    * * *
    ----
    * calado hasta los huesos = soaked to the skin, wringing wet, soaking wet, wet through to the skin.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( empapado) soaked
    2) <jersey/tela> openwork (before n)
    II
    1) ( en costura) openwork
    2)
    a) ( de barco) draft

    un barco de gran/poco calado — a ship with a deep/shallow draft

    b) ( altura del agua) depth
    * * *
    * calado hasta los huesos = soaked to the skin, wringing wet, soaking wet, wet through to the skin.
    * * *
    calado1 -da
    A (empapado) soaked, drenched
    llegamos calados hasta los huesos we arrived soaked to the skin
    B ‹jersey/tela› openwork ( before n)
    A
    1 (en costura) openwork
    2 (en la madera, el cuero) fretwork
    B
    un barco de gran/poco calado a ship with a deep/shallow draft
    un análisis de mayor calado a deeper o more profound analysis
    C
    1 (importancia) significance
    2 ( Chi fam) (tamaño) size
    una sandía de este calado a watermelon about this big o this size
    * * *

    Del verbo calar: ( conjugate calar)

    calado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    calado    
    calar
    calado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ( empapado) [estar] soaked, drenched
    2 ‹jersey/tela› openwork ( before n)
    calar ( conjugate calar) verbo transitivo
    1 [ líquido] ( empapar) to soak;
    ( atravesar) to soak through;

    2 (fam) ‹persona/intenciones› to rumble (colloq), to suss … out (BrE colloq)
    3 [ barco] to draw
    4 (Esp) ‹coche/motor› to stall
    verbo intransitivo
    1 [ moda] to catch on;
    [costumbre/filosofía] to take root
    2 [zapatos/tienda de campaña] to leak, let water in
    calarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( empaparse) to get soaked, get drenched
    2 (Esp) [coche/motor] to stall
    calado,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (empapado) soaked: estaba calada hasta los huesos, I was drenched through
    2 Cost (con agujeros) fretwork
    una blusa calada, an openwork blouse
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 Náut (de una embarcación) draught, US draft
    2 fig (de un asunto) significance
    3 Cost openwork
    calar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (empapar) to soak, drench:
    2 (atravesar) to pierce, penetrate
    3 familiar (a alguien o sus intenciones) to rumble: ¡te tenemos calado!, we've got your number!
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (permitir que pase el líquido) to let in water
    2 (impresionar) to make an impression [en, on]
    (penetrar) to catch on
    3 Náut to draw
    ' calado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calar
    - calada
    English:
    soak through
    - soaking
    - tape
    - wet
    - soak
    - sopping
    * * *
    calado, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [empapado] soaked;
    calado hasta los huesos soaked to the skin
    2. [en costura] embroidered [with openwork]
    ♦ nm
    1. [de barco] draught;
    un buque de gran calado a deep-draughted vessel
    2. [profundidad] depth;
    un puerto de poco calado a shallow port
    3. [bordado] openwork
    4. Esp [de automóvil] stall;
    el calado se produce al cambiar de marcha the engine stalls when you change gear
    5. [importancia] significance, importance;
    reformas de gran calado reforms of great significance;
    países del calado de Francia y Alemania countries of the importance o stature of France and Germany;
    un nombramiento de gran calado político an appointment of great political significance
    * * *
    I adj soaked;
    calado hasta los huesos soaked to the skin
    II m
    1 MAR draft, Br
    draught;
    de gran calado fig important, significant
    2 AUTO stall
    * * *
    calado, -da adj
    1) : drenched
    2) : open-worked
    calado nm
    1) : draft (of a ship)
    2) : openwork
    * * *
    calado adj soaked

    Spanish-English dictionary > calado

  • 7 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, England
    d. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England
    [br]
    English civil and mechanical engineer.
    [br]
    The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.
    From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).
    Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).
    The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.
    Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.
    As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.
    The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).
    The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

  • 8 Holland, John Philip

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 29 February 1840 Liscanor, Co. Clare, Ireland
    d. 12 August 1915 Newark, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    Irish/American inventor of the successful modern submarine
    [br]
    Holland was educated first in his native town and later in Limerick, a seaport bustling with coastal trade ships. His first job was that of schoolteacher, and as such he worked in various parts of Ireland until he was about 32 years old. A combination of his burning patriotic zeal for Ireland and his interest in undersea technology (then in its infancy) made him consider designs for underwater warships for use against the British Royal Navy in the fight for Irish independence. He studied all known works on the subject and commenced drawing plans, but he was unable to make real headway owing to a lack of finance.
    In 1873 he travelled to the United States, ultimately settling in New Jersey and continuing in the profession of teaching. His work on submarine design continued, but in 1875 he suffered a grave setback when the United States Navy turned down his designs. Help came from an unexpected source, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, or Fenian Society, which had been founded in Dublin and New York in 1858. Financial help enabled Holland to build a 4 m (13 ft) one-person craft, which was tested in 1878, and then a larger boat of 19 tonnes' displacement that was tested with a crew of three to depths of 20 m (65 ft) in New York's harbour in 1883. Known as the Fenian Ram, it embodied most of the principles of modern submarines, including weight compensation. The Fenians commandeered this boat, but they were unable to operate it satisfactorily and it was relegated to history.
    Holland continued work, at times independently and sometimes with others, and continuously advocated submarines to the United States Navy. In 1895 he was successful in winning a contract for US$150,000 to build the US Submarine Plunger at Baltimore. With too much outside interference, this proved an unsatisfactory venture. However, with only US$5,000 of his capital left, Holland started again and in 1898 he launched the Holland at Elizabeth, New Jersey. This 16 m (52 ft) vessel was successful, and in 1900 it was purchased by the United States Government.
    Six more boats were ordered by the Americans, and then some by the Russians and the Japanese. The British Royal Navy ordered five, which were built by Vickers Son and Maxim (now VSEL) at Barrow-in-Furness in the years up to 1903, commencing their long run of submarine building. They were licensed by another well-known name, the Electric Boat Company, which had formerly been the J.P.Holland Torpedo Boat Company.
    Holland now had some wealth and was well known. He continued to work, trying his hand at aeronautical research, and in 1904 he invented a respirator for use in submarine rescue work. It is pleasing to record that one of his ships can be seen to this day at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport: HM Submarine Holland No. 1, which was lost under tow in 1913 but salvaged and restored in the 1980s.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Order of the Rising Sun, Japan, 1910.
    Bibliography
    1900, "The submarine boat and its future", North American Review (December). Holland wrote several other articles of a similar nature.
    Further Reading
    R.K.Morris, 1966 John P.Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine, Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute.
    F.W.Lipscomb, 1975, The British Submarine, London: Conway Maritime Press. A.N.Harrison, 1979, The Development of HM Submarines from Holland No. 1 (1901) to
    Porpoise (1930), Bath: MoD Ships Department (internal publication).
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Holland, John Philip

  • 9 Maxwell, James Clerk

    [br]
    b. 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotland
    d. 5 November 1879 Cambridge, England
    [br]
    Scottish physicist who formulated the unified theory of electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases and a theory of colour.
    [br]
    Maxwell attended school at the Edinburgh Academy and at the age of 16 went on to study at Edinburgh University. In 1850 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated four years later as Second Wrangler with the award of the Smith's Prize. Two years later he was appointed Professor at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he married the Principal's daughter. In 1860 he moved to King's College London, but on the death of his father five years later, Maxwell returned to the family home in Scotland, where he continued his researches as far as the life of a gentleman farmer allowed. This rural existence was interrupted in 1874 when he was persuaded to accept the chair of Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge. Unfortunately, in 1879 he contracted the cancer that brought his brilliant career to an untimely end. While at Cambridge, Maxwell founded the Cavendish Laboratory for research in physics. A succession of distinguished physicists headed the laboratory, making it one of the world's great centres for notable discoveries in physics.
    During the mid-1850s, Maxwell worked towards a theory to explain electrical and magnetic phenomena in mathematical terms, culminating in 1864 with the formulation of the fundamental equations of electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations). These equations also described the propagation of light, for he had shown that light consists of transverse electromagnetic waves in a hypothetical medium, the "ether". This great synthesis of theories uniting a wide range of phenomena is worthy to set beside those of Sir Isaac Newton and Einstein. Like all such syntheses, it led on to further discoveries. Maxwell himself had suggested that light represented only a small part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, and in 1888 Hertz confirmed the discovery of another small part of the spectrum, radio waves, with momentous implications for the development of telecommunication technology. Maxwell contributed to the kinetic theory of gases, which by then were viewed as consisting of a mass of randomly moving molecules colliding with each other and with the walls of the containing vessel. From 1869 Maxwell applied statistical methods to describe the molecular motion in mathematical terms. This led to a greater understanding of the behaviour of gases, with important consequences for the chemical industry.
    Of more direct technological application was Maxwell's work on colour vision, begun in 1849, showing that all colours could be derived from the three primary colours, red, yellow and blue. This enabled him in 1861 to produce the first colour photograph, of a tartan. Maxwell's discoveries about colour vision were quickly taken up and led to the development of colour printing and photography.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Most of his technical papers are reprinted in The Scientific Papers of J.Clerk Maxwell, 1890, ed. W.D.Niven, Cambridge, 2 vols; reprinted 1952, New York.
    Maxwell published several books, including Theory of Heat, 1870, London (1894, 11th edn, with notes by Lord Rayleigh) and Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, 1873, Oxford (1891, ed. J.J.Thomson, 3rd edn).
    Further Reading
    L.Campbell and W.Garnett, 1882, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London (the standard biography).
    J.J.Thomson (ed.), 1931, James Clerk Maxwell 1831–1931, Cambridge. J.G.Crowther, 1932, British Scientists of the Nineteenth Century, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Maxwell, James Clerk

  • 10 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, England
    d. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the screw propeller.
    [br]
    Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.
    The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.
    With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.
    Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.
    At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1871.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).
    1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).
    Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

  • 11 سفينة

    سَفِينَة \ ship: a large boat for use at sea: a sailing ship; a steamship; a warship. vessel: a ship or large boat. \ سَفِينَة بُخاريَّة \ steamer, steamship: a ship that is worked by steam. \ سَفِينَة حَامِلَة للطَّائِرَات \ aircraft carrier: a warship carrying many aircraft. \ سَفِينَة حَربيَّة \ battleship: a very large warship. warship: a ship for use in war; a naval ship. \ سَفِينَة شَحْن \ freighter: a ship that only carries goods. \ سَفِينَة شِراعيّة بدَقَلَيْن أو أَكْثَر \ schooner: a kind of sailing ship (mostly used for travel and trade between islands). \ سَفِينَة صَيْد (تَسْتَخْدِمُ شبكة الجَرّ)‏ \ trawler: a ship that draws a very large fishing net along the bottom of the sea. \ سَفِينَة عَبَّارَة (مُعَدِّية)‏ \ ferry: a boat or aeroplane that carries vehicles and people across a river or a short stretch of water. \ سَفِينَة نَاقِلَة نَفْط \ tanker: a ship for carrying petrol and oil.

    Arabic-English dictionary > سفينة

  • 12 ἀπόλλυμι

    ἀπόλλυμι for its conjug. s. B-D-F §101 (s.v. ὄλλυμι); W-S. §14, 18; Rob. 317; fut. ἀπολέσω Hs 8, 7, 5; Att. ἀπολῶ 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14; ParJer 1:1, 8); 1 aor. ἀπώλεσα; 1 pf. ἀπολώλεκα. Mid.: fut. ἀπολοῦμαι Lk 13:3; 2 aor. ἀπωλόμην; the 2 pf. ἀπόλωλα functions as a pf. mid.; ptc. ἀπολωλώς (Hom.+).
    ⓐ act. ruin, destroy
    α. of pers. (Sir 10:3) Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. W. ref. to eternal destruction μὴ ἐκεῖνον ἀπόλλυε do not bring about his ruin Ro 14:15. Esp. kill, put to death (Gen 20:4; Esth 9:6 v.l.; 1 Macc 2:37; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 122; Mel., P. 84, 635 [Ch.] τὸν ἐχθρόν σου) Hs 9, 26, 7. παιδίον Mt 2:13; Jesus 12:14; 27:20; Mk 3:6; 11:18; Lk 19:47; B 12:5; the wicked tenants κακοὺς κακῶς ἀ. (s. κακός 1a) he will put the evildoers to a miserable death Mt 21:41. τοὺς γεωργούς Mk 12:9; Lk 20:16; τ. φονεῖς Mt 22:7; τ. μὴ πιστεύσαντας those who did not believe Jd 5; πάντας Lk 17:27, 29. W. σῶσαι (like Chariton 2, 8, 1) Js 4:12; Hs 9, 23, 4. Of eternal death (Herm. Wr. 4, 7; Tat. 11:2 ἀπώλεσεν ἡμᾶς τὸ αὐτέξουσιον) ψυχὴν κ. σῶμα ἀ. ἐν γεέννῃ Mt 10:28; ψυχήν B 20:1; τ. ψυχάς Hs 9, 26, 3 (cp. Sir 20:22).
    β. w. impers. obj. ἀ. τ. σοφίαν τ. σοφῶν destroy the wisdom of the wise 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14). ἀ. τ. διάνοιαν destroy the understanding Hm 11:1 (cp. Just., D. 93, 1 τὰς φυσικὰς ἐννοίας).
    γ. without obj. J 10:10.
    ⓑ mid. perish, be ruined
    α. of pers. perish, die (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 188 ἀπόλλυται ὁ ἀνήρ=the man dies; Tat. 21, 2 τοὺς ἀνθρώπους … ἀπόλλυσθαι) 1 Cl 51:5; 55:6; B 5:4, 12; D 16:5; Hs 6, 2, 1f. As a cry of anguish ἀπολλύμεθα we are perishing! (Epict. 2, 19, 16 [in a storm-tossed vessel]; PPetr II, 4 [1], 4f νυνὶ δὲ ἀπολλύμεθα) Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Lk 8:24 (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 3 of disaster that the stormy sea brings to the seafarer). ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀ. die by the sword Mt 26:52. λιμῷ of hunger (Ezk 34:29) Lk 15:17. τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε Jd 11c (because of 11a and b it should perh. = be corrupted; cp. Polyb. 32, 23, 6). ὑπό τινος (Hdt. 5. 126; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 12) ὑπὸ τ. ὄφεων killed by the snakes 1 Cor 10:9; cp. vs. 10. Abs. of a people perish J 11:50. Of individuals (Lev 23:30) Ac 5:37; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 12:6; 39:5 (Job 4:20).—Esp. of eternal death (cp. Ps 9:6f; 36:20; 67:3; 72:27; 82:18; 91:10; Is 41:11) J 3:16; 17:12. ἀπολέσθαι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα perish forever 10:28 (Bar 3:3 ἡμεῖς ἀπολλύμενοι τὸν αἰῶνα). ἀνόμως ἀ. Ro 2:12; μωρῶς ἀ. IEph 17:2 (cp. ἀσκόπως Just., D. 8, 4); ἐν καυχήσει because of boasting ITr 4:1; cp. IPol 5:2. Abs. 1 Cor 8:11; 15:18; 2 Cl 17:1.—οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι (opp. οἱ σῳζόμενοι, as in Plut., Mor. 469d) those who are lost 1 Cor 1:18; 2 Cor 2:15; 4:3; 2 Th 2:10; 2 Cl 1:4; 2:5. For this τὸ ἀπολωλός Lk 19:10 (Mt 18:10 v.l.—Ezk 34:4, 16). τὰ ἀπολλύμενα 2 Cl 2:7 (cp. SIG 417, 9 τὰ τε ἀπολωλότα ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ ἀνέσωσαν). S. also 3b end.
    β. of things be lost, pass away, be ruined (Jos., Bell. 2, 650 of Jerusalem; Tat. 17, 2 πάθος … ἀπολλύμενον) of bursting wineskins Mt 9:17; Mk 2:22; Lk 5:37; fading beauty Js 1:11; transitory beauty of gold 1 Pt 1:7. AcPl Ha 2, 24; [χρυσὸς]| γὰρ ἀπόλλυται 9:8f; passing splendor Rv 18:14 (w. ἀπό as Jer 10:11; Da 7:17). Of earthly food J 6:27; spoiled honey Hm 5, 1, 5; σαρκὸς ἀπολλυμένης AcPlCor 2:15. Of the heavens which, like the earth, will pass away Hb 1:11 (Ps 101:27). Of the end of the world Hv 4, 3, 3, Of the way of the godless, which is lost in darkness B 11:7 (Ps 1:6). μὴ … τὸ μνημόσυνον [ὑμῶν]| ἀπόλιτε (read ἀπόληται) AcPl Ha 1, 22f.
    ② to fail to obtain what one expects or anticipates, lose out on, lose (X., Pla.+; PPetr III, 51, 5; POxy 743, 23; PFay 111, 3ff; Sir 6:3; 9:6; 27:16 al.; Tob 7:6 BA; 4 Macc 2:14; Tat. 8, τὸν ἐρώμενον; 15, 1) τ. μισθόν lose the reward Mt 10:42; Mk 9:41; Hs 5, 6, 7. δραχμήν (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 25) Lk 15:8f; ἀ. ἃ ἠργασάμεθα lose what we have worked for 2J 8. διαθήκην B 4:7, 8. τὴν ζωὴν τ. ἀνθρώπων Hm 2:1; cp. Hs 8, 6, 6; 8, 7, 5; 8, 8, 2f and 5. τὴν ἐλπίδα m 5, 1, 7.
    ③ to lose someth. that one already has or be separated from a normal connection, lose, be lost
    ⓐ act. w. colloq. flavor ἵνα πᾶν ὸ̔ δέδωκέν μοι μή ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me J 6:39 (B-D-F §466, 3 on Semitic assoc.; Rob. 437; 753).—ἀ. τὴν ψυχήν (cp. Sir 20:22) lose one’s life Mt 10:39; 16:25; Mk 8:35; Lk 9:24; 17:33; cp. J 12:25. For this ἀ. ἑαυτόν lose oneself Lk 9:25 (similar in form is Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 8 Diehl2 lines 11–14: ‘One who risks his life in battle has the best chance of saving it; one who flees to save it is most likely to lose it’).
    ⓑ mid. (Antiphon: Diels, Vorsokrat. 87, Fgm. 54 ἀπολόμενον ἀργύριον; X., Symp. 1, 5; 1 Km 9:3; Tat. 9, 2) ISm 10:1. Of falling hair Lk 21:18; Ac 27:34; a member or organ of the body Mt 5:29f; remnants of food J 6:12. Of wine that has lost its flavor Hm 12, 5, 3.—Of sheep gone astray Mt 10:6; 15:24; Lk 15:4, 6; B 5:12 (cp. Jer 27:6; Ezk 34:4; Ps 118:176). Of a lost son Lk 15:24 (Artem. 4, 33 ἡ γυνὴ … τ. υἱὸν ἀπώλεσε καὶ … εὗρεν αὐτόν); of humanity in general ἀπολλύμενος ἐζητήθη ἵνα ζωοποιηθῇ διὰ τῆς υἱοθεσίας when lost, humanity was sought, so that it might regain life through acceptance into sonship AcPlCor 2:8 (cp. 1bα.—JSchniewind, D. Gleichn. vom verl. Sohn ’40). ἀ. θεῷ be lost to God Hs 8, 6, 4 (cod. A for ἀπέθανον).—B. 758. DELG s.v. ὄλλυμι. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπόλλυμι

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